Taxus chinensis (Yew), ubwoko bwibiti bya kera byasigaye inyuma y’urubura rwa Quaternary, byashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibimera bidasanzwe kandi byangirika ku isi ndetse n’ibinyabuzima icumi bya mbere ku isi byangirika.Ni ubwoko bw’ibiti byo mu rwego rwa mbere birinzwe kandi bizwi ku izina rya “Gutera igihangange panda”.
Noneho,
Nka "ibisigazwa bizima byibimera", ni izihe ngaruka nogukoresha ibishishwa bya yew?
Yew, ni igihingwa cya Tagisi ya Taxaceae. Ku isi hari amoko 11 yew, akwirakwizwa mu turere dushyuha mu turere dushyuha two mu majyaruguru y’isi. Hariho amoko 4 n’ubwoko 1 mu Bushinwa, aribyo yew yo mu Bushinwa, yew y’amajyaruguru y’iburasirazuba, Yunnan yew , Yew y'Amajyepfo na Tibet yew, bikwirakwizwa mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, mu Bushinwa bwo mu majyepfo no mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa.Paclitaxel yakuwe mu kibabi n'amababi ya yew igira ingaruka zikomeye zo kuvura kanseri zitandukanye zateye imbere kandi izwi nka "umurongo wa nyuma wo kwirwanaho kuri kuvura kanseri ”.
Amateka yiterambere rya paclitaxel:
Mu 1963, abahanga mu bya shimi b'Abanyamerika MCWani na monre E.wall babanje gutandukanya ibishishwa bya paclitaxel bivuye mu kibabi no mu giti cya pasifike ya yew ya Pasifika, ikurira mu mashyamba yo mu burengerazuba bwa Amerika.Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Taxus chinensis, Wani n'urukuta rwabonetse. ko ibishishwa bitavanze bya paclitaxel byagize ibikorwa byinshi kuri selile yibibyimba byimbeba muri vitro, hanyuma bigatangira gutandukanya iki kintu gikora. Bitewe nibirimo bike cyane mubintu bikora mubimera, kugeza mumwaka wa 1971 nibwo bakoranye na Andre t.McPhail , umwarimu wa chimie muri kaminuza ya Duke kugirango amenye imiterere yimiti yibikoresho bikora-tetracyclic diterpene, maze ayita taxol.
Paclitaxel ni iki?
Paclitaxel ni moniter diterpenoid yakuwe mu kibabi cya Tagisi y’ibimera Kamere.Ni metabolite igoye ya kabiri.Niwo kandi muti wonyine uzwiho guteza imbere microtubule polymerisation no guhagarika microtubules ya polymerized. Gukurikirana isotope byerekanaga ko paclitaxel yari ihambiriye kuri microtubules gusa kandi yarabikoze. ntugire icyo ukora hamwe na dimuline ya tubuline idafite imbaraga.Nyuma yo guhura na paclitaxel, selile zizarundanya umubare munini wa microtubules mungirangingo.Kwirundanya kwa microtubules bibangamira imikorere itandukanye ya selile, cyane cyane bihagarika igabana rya selile murwego rwa mitoto kandi bikabuza kugabana bisanzwe.
Gukoresha paclitaxel:
1.Anticancer
Paclitaxel niwo muti wambere wa kanseri yintanga na kanseri yamabere yateye imbere.Ubuyobozi bwigihugu bwa kanseri bwatangiye kwipimisha kwa muganga kuva 1983 kugirango bugerageze uburozi nibikorwa bya antikanseri.
Paclitaxel ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri kanseri yintanga na kanseri yamabere binyuze mubushakashatsi bwubuvuzi bwa kabiri nubwa gatatu.Biragira kandi ingaruka kuri kanseri yibihaha, kanseri yibara, melanoma, kanseri yo mumutwe nijosi, lymphoma nibibyimba mubwonko.
2.Antitumor
Paclitaxel nuguhitamo kwambere kwimiti igabanya ubukana mubitaro byo kwisi yose. Irashobora guteza imbere iteraniro rya microtubules mugutezimbere polymerisation ya spindle tubulin subunits.Niwo muti urwanya microtubule antitumor.
3.Kuvura rubagimpande
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko tagisi yemejwe na FDA kuri rubagimpande ya rubagimpande, na paclitaxel gel ni imyiteguro yibanze ya paclitaxel muri rubagimpande ya rubagimpande.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-21-2022